Water Desalination and Purification Technology

Water desalination is a process that extracts mineral components from saline water .More generally desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from target substances. Salt water desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation .One by-product of desalination is salt. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost-effective provision of fresh water for human use. Along with recycled wastewater, it is one of the few rainfalls –independent water sources. Due to its energy consumption desalinating sea water is generally more costly than fresh water from rivers or ground water .Water recycling and water conservation. However, those alternatives are not always available and depletion of reserves is a critical problem worldwide. Currently, approximately 1% of the world’s population is depend on desalinated water to meet daily needs, but the UN expects that 14% of the world’s population will encounter water scarcity by 2025.Desalination is particularly relevant in dry countries such as Australia, which traditionally have relied on collecting rainfall behind dams for water. According to the International Desalination Association, in June 2015.18426 desalination plants operated worldwide, producing 86.8 million cubic meters per day, providing water for 300 million people. This number increased from 78.4 million cubic meters in 2013,a 10.71% increase in 2 years. The single largest desalination project in Ras-Khair in Saudi Arabia, which produced 1025000 cubic per day in 2014, although this plant is expected to be surpassed by plant in California.