Development of Diagnostic Kits during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlighted the urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic testing. This review examines the development and deployment of diagnostic kits during the pandemic, emphasizing molecular, immunological, and imaging-based approaches. Molecular techniques, including RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, TMA, and CRISPR-based assays, serve as the gold standard for detecting viral RNA, while serological methods like ELISA, CLIA, and LFIA detect antibodies and antigens. Imaging modalities, such as CT scans, complement laboratory testing in clinical settings. The review also explores challenges such as asymptomatic carriers, sample handling, and viral mutations that affect diagnostic accuracy. Emerging technologies, including microfluidic devices, vertical flow assays, and AI-assisted detection, offer potential for rapid, portable, and cost-effective testing. Understanding these diagnostic strategies is critical for disease management, public health interventions, and future pandemic preparedness.