Art. 12 of The Constitution of India

Fathers of our constitution demonstrated that they had the will and were prepared to give legitimately enforceable crucial rights and furthermore gave solution for the infringement of same. Therefore, fundamental rights became enforceable also against local or other authorities. To prevent the State from violating fundamental rights, the constitution makers created a new fundamental right by enacting Art. 32. And the availability of article 32 gave rise to Article 12, the concept of state against whom these were available. And further laid the concept of "authority", which signifies authority who has the ability to make laws, orders, guidelines, bye-laws, warnings and so on which have the power of law and capacity to authorize those laws.