A Survey on IoT Security Challenges and Solutions in WSN

The rapid proliferation of IoT applications has significantly increased the use of WSNs, especially in fields like smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring.   However, the unique qualities of WSNs—including resource constraints, dynamic topologies, and the open structure of wireless communication—make them vulnerable to a great variety of security threats. This study analyses exhaustively the security problems WSNs in IoT environments encounter and looks at various solutions proposed in the literature.   Emphasising the critical requirement for lightweight, energy-efficient, and scalable security solutions, we categorise these problems into various attack vectors and network layers.   Furthermore, we assess state-of-the-art approaches such as encryption, IDS, trust management, and machine learning to gauge their effectiveness in reducing security issues. Finally, we point out the flaws of current solutions and recommend future research directions intended to offer integrated and adaptive security systems for WSNs in IoT settings.